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Reference

References.

Every figure on this site comes from one of the sources below. Kempron is not the author of any of them and claims no endorsement by any of them.

Where a source's scope is limited to one market, that is stated at the point of use as well as here. Currencies are the publisher's own.

North America

Canada And The United States

  1. CCC Intelligent Solutions. Crash Course 2026 Report: Complexity Compounds. Published 31 March 2026. United States data, in US dollars. Source of the figures on total loss frequency, calibrations, total cost of repair, parts and labour, supplements, bodily injury severity and vehicle fleet composition, and the vehicle for the ValuePenguin, ISS Fast Track, Swiss Re, Marathon Strategies, J.D. Power, Experian and Federal Reserve Bank of New York figures cited through it.
  2. Équité Association. 2025 Auto Theft Trend Report. Published 11 February 2026. Canadian data, in Canadian dollars. Source of the figures on auto theft claims value, theft volume change, recovery rates by region, vehicle finance fraud at the ports of Montreal and Halifax, and Équité's own description of its fraud risk scoring platform.
  3. Insurance Bureau of Canada. Ontario's Top 10 Costliest Cities for Auto Theft in 2025. Published 13 May 2026, using data provided by the General Insurance Statistical Agency. Source of the Ontario claims cost figures and the city-level figures for Toronto, Brampton and Mississauga.
  4. Insurance Bureau of Canada. Vigilance is key in fighting insurance fraud. Published 2021. Source of the estimate that insurance fraud costs Canadians well over $1 billion a year in added premiums, and of the categorisation of staged collisions and body shop and towing scams. This is the most recent public IBC estimate of that figure we have located; it is presented with its date because it is dated.
  5. Insurance Bureau of Canada. Statement on the passing of Alberta's Bill 47, the Automobile Insurance Act. Published 15 May 2025.
  6. S&P Global Mobility. US Vehicle Age Rises Again to 12.8 Years in 2025. Published 21 May 2025. United States data.
  7. TechForce Foundation. Technician Supply, Demand & Opportunity Report, 2026 edition. United States data. Source of the collision technician demand, completion, pipeline coverage and turnover figures.
  8. Enterprise Mobility. US Length of Rental, Q3 2025. United States data.
  9. Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (Canada). Guideline B-10, Third-Party Risk Management, effective 1 May 2024; Guideline B-13, Technology and Cyber Risk Management, effective 1 January 2024.
  10. National Association of Insurance Commissioners. Model Bulletin on the Use of Artificial Intelligence Systems by Insurers, adopted December 2023. State adoption counts as reported by Quarles & Brady and by Locke Lord's InsureReinsure in 2025, including Alaska as first adopter on 1 February 2024 and 24 states adopted as at August 2025.

International

United Kingdom, Europe And Australia

  1. Association of British Insurers. £11.9 billion paid out in 2025 to support motorists across 2.5 million claims. Press release, 11 February 2026. United Kingdom data, in pounds sterling. Source of the 2025 motor payout total, the vehicle damage share, and the Q4 and full-year average cost of cover figures.
  2. Association of British Insurers. Fraudulent insurance claims continue to top £1 billion. Published November 2025. Source of the 2024 detected fraud value, claim counts and the motor share of detected fraud.
  3. Insurance Europe. Breaking boundaries: A European approach to countering insurance fraud. Opinion by Per Norstrom, Chair of the Insurance Crime Platform, published 5 December 2024. Source of the estimate that detected and undetected fraud together account for approximately 10% of total claims expenditure in Europe, and of the federation's stated position on GDPR and the EU AI Act as constraints on fraud detection.
  4. Insurance Council of Australia. Motor Insurance Policy Paper: A Roadmap for Reducing Rising Premiums, and the accompanying news release. Published 23 March 2025. Australian data, in Australian dollars. Source of the premium and claims cost changes, the repair, vehicle replacement, rental and credit hire figures, the 2023 motor fraud cost, the claims-to-premium ratio, and the workforce and towing and storage policy positions.
  5. EU Artificial Intelligence Act. Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, in force 1 August 2024. Implementation timeline and Annex III classification as summarised by the Future of Life Institute's EU Artificial Intelligence Act resource, updated 31 August 2026 following the amendments adopted as part of the Digital Omnibus on AI.

Method

Notes On How These Figures Are Used

  • Attribution at the point of use. Every numeric claim on this site carries a named source and a year in the sentence or card that contains it. No figure appears unattributed anywhere.
  • Market labelling. Much of the repair-side data is United States-only, because no other market publishes at that granularity. Each such figure is labelled. Canadian, United Kingdom and Australian figures are labelled likewise, with their own currencies.
  • Reproduced as published. Where a source writes percent in a place where percentage points appear to be meant, we reproduce the source's own wording rather than silently reinterpreting it.
  • Detected is not total. Every fraud figure in every market measures what was detected. Insurance Europe's estimate is the only one on this site that explicitly attempts to include undetected activity, and it is presented as an estimate.
  • Dated figures are marked. The 2021 Insurance Bureau of Canada fraud estimate is the oldest figure used here and is flagged as dated wherever it appears.
  • None of these figures describe Kempron. They describe the industry. Kempron publishes no performance claims of its own.